Thereafter, the gold trade was the centrepiece of the transsaharan trade. Imagine you are a trader on the ancient sub saharan trade routes. The arab slave trade was the practice of slavery in the arab world, mainly in western asia, north africa, east africa, and certain parts of europe such as iberia and sicily during their period of domination by arab leaders. Arabic literacy, writing paper and saharan bibliophiles in the southwestern sahara the paper trade of egypt and the sudan in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and its reexport to the bilad assudan. Timbuktu was not the only city or region to adopt islam as a result of the trade route. The student understands the encounters between europeans and peoples of sub saharan africaand the americas in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. Analyze the process of religious syncretism as a blending of traditional african beliefs with. Yes, every once in a while youll see a scene with a few. Despite a longterm decline, caravan trading networks remained somewhat resilient and continued with alternative commodities such as ivory and ostrich feathers. Trans saharan migration is an ageold phenomenon that can only be understood in the context of the tightly interwoven geographic, cultural and economic patchwork that constitutes the. The transsaharan commodity trade presented by christopher rose hemispheres summer teachers institute 2003 june 9, 2003 why discuss the transsaharan trade as part of a workshop dealing with issues of food, cultural contact, and migration.
Trace the growth of the arabic language in government, trade, and islamic scholarship in west africa. Transsaharan slave trade was conducted within the ambits of the transsaharan trade, otherwise referred to as the arab trade. Gold is one of the most expensive commodities and one of the most soughtafter rocks in human history. Timbuktu timbuktoo, for example, began as a camp for traders in about 1100. Analyze the continuities and changes in cultural traditions that occurred as a result of one of the following trade systems in the period from 600 to 1450 c. West africans who crossed the sahara left no documents, and all that is known. While existing from prehistoric times, the peak of trade extended from the 8th century until the early 17th century. These caravans traveled the trans saharan trade route which consisted of many trails that connected the sub sahara region of west africa to the mediterranean sea.
Trans saharan trade, conducted across the sahara desert, was a web of commercial interactions between the arab world north africa and the persian gulf and sub saharan africa. Trans saharan trade routes promoted the growth of powerful trading cities in the time period because they traded valuable items like slaves, gold, and salt, which increased the net worth of the cities and allowed for economic growth that way. Transsaharan trade african studies oxford bibliographies. The saharan trade route linked such african empires as ghana, mali, and songhay to the european world.
So it is hard to understand the importance of trans saharan trade without understanding its importance for society, in terms of organisation and belief. The african union and african development bank support the trans sahara highway from algiers to lagos via tamanrasset which aims to stimulate transsaharan trade. The impact of the trans saharan trade the trans saharan. The student understands the encounters between europeans and peoples of subsaharan africaand the americas in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. The trade became popular from the 8th century until the late 16th century. The archeological evidence for islam, and its connection to the trans saharan trade route, is found in two areas in particular. This one page historical reading plus one page of questions gives an overview of the kingdom of ghana. One also obtains similar results if the sample is further restricted to exclude nigeria and senegal, the only other countries in the sample that exported a nonzero number of slaves taken during the trans saharan or red sea slave trades. Islam and arabic spread much faster than christianity and english south of the sahara. Social and economic impact of the transsaharan trade in africa north and south of the sahara.
To what extent did trans saharan trade lead to ghanas wealth and success overview in an experiential exercise, students roleplay trans saharan trade in gold and salt, using the silentbarter system to explore how it helped to make ghana a powerful empire. Separate files for electronic postings including separate fillable pdf files for student answers and esubmission. The trade led to the decline of empires such as ancient ghana and mali while others such as songhai emerged. This occurred in west africa with the trans saharan trade. Centuries later, two factors spurred the growth of trans saharan trade. Transsaharan trade and the west african discovery of the. Therefore, the saharan trade routes were instrumental.
Traders going to and from the south had to pass through ghana. During these trades, slaves were taken from land south of the saharan desert, inland of the red sea, and inland of the coast of eastern africa, and were shipped to northern africa and the middle east. Islamic law, trade networks and crosscultural exchange in. The trans saharan trade played an important role in the rise of states in the senegambia region and the western sudan, in general. It examines transsaharan trade, the goldsalt trade, the arrival of islam and t. Transsaharan slave trade between north africa and black africa 7thc ce introduction of the camel and the caravan trade routes transsaharan route mutually beneficial for islamic world and savanna states of africa 9. Transsaharan slave trade was conducted within the ambits of the trans saharan trade, otherwise referred to as the arab trade. The peopling of the last green sahara revealed by high. The route is paved except for a 200 km section in northern niger, but. Describe the trading networks by examining trans saharan trade in gold, salt, and slaves. Analyze the process of religious syncretism as a blending of traditional african beliefs with new ideas from islam and christianity. Goods included precious metals, such as gold, as well as slaves. A proportion of 14 to 12 of north african female pool is made of typical sub saharan lineages, in higher frequencies as geographic proximity to sub saharan africa increases.
Transsaharan trade requires travel across the sahara north and south to reach sub saharan africa from the north african coast, europe, to the levant. Pdf a historical geography of the transsaharan trade. How prezi does project status updates with a distributed workplace. For the phylogenetic tree reconstruction and time estimates, we used 150 y chromosomes. Travel across the sahara, however, was very difficult. Trans saharan slave trade between north africa and black africa 7thc ce introduction of the camel and the caravan trade routes trans saharan route mutually beneficial for islamic world and savanna states of africa 9. Trans saharan trade was when people traveled across the sahara to reach sub saharan africa from the north african coast, europe, or the levant. An overview of the major manuscript libraries in timbuktu. The sahara was a strong geographical barrier against gene flow, at least since 5,000 years ago, when desertification affected a larger region, but the arab trans saharan slave trade could have facilitate enormously this.
As adu boahen has explained, the trans saharan caravan trade began to take place on a regular basis during the fourth century, as an expanded version of the preexisting intra and interregional trade among peoples of the forest, savanna, sahel, and sahara. The transsaharan railway was a project conducted by france to build a rail line south through algeria to sub saharan africa. North africans wanted gold, people in the forests wanted salt. The impact of the trans saharan trade the trans saharan trade had several consequences. Phylogenetic tree and the four trans saharan clades. Ap world history powerpoints needham broughton high. The transsaharan slave trade clues from interpolation analyses. The impact of the trans saharan trade the trans saharan trade. Jul 23, 2015 trans saharan slave trade was conducted within the ambits of the trans saharan trade, otherwise referred to as the arab trade. Sometimes it would be extremely hot during the day and extremely cold in the night. A study of the transatlantic and transsaharan slave trades overview this lesson is intended as a short overview of the transatlantic and transsaharan slave trades. Trans saharan trade fez gen tuni emce mediterranemn sea gao i fe baghda mecca me ulis mogadi shu kano e chad enin city egypt, 712 nubia, b. In fact, the slave trade map not only lends substance to this early form of international trade, but also, by showing the courses it took, illuminates the impact of the system.
Analyze the role of geography and the distribution of resources played in the. Crosscultural exchange on the trans saharan trade routes. Since ghana was located between the salt deposit rich sahara and gold rich forests in the south, these two resources were traded heavily. Within two centuries, it would become a bustling city and a center of culture and learning. Pdf a proportion of 14 to 12 of north african female pool is made of typical sub saharan. The trade route was in operation between the seventh and 14th centuries, expanding the more established trade route of the silk road between europe and the middle east.
After a brief discussion, student led groups will examine either the transatlantic or transsaharan slave trade. Its original intended use was to connect coal mines and boost trade throughout north africa, tie together the french empire, and connect north africa to sub saharan africa by connecting the existing rail system of french algeria to those of french west africa. The causes and consequences of africas slave trades nathan nunn1 august 2008. Doc cause and effect of the ancient transsaharan trade. Indeed, documents in original scriptural languages are increasingly. The transsaharan slave trade clues from interpolation. After a brief discussion, student led groups will examine either the transatlantic or trans saharan slave trade. Standard4b the student understands the origins and consequences of the trans atlantic african slave trade. The trade was also used to transport slaves and food to different places images for kids. The volume of trade goods imported into sub saharan africa was not large enough to have any significant effect. The history of trans saharan trade trans saharan trade has a long history. For most of that time, west africans did not profit much from the saharan trade because the routes were run by berbers from.
Ghanas location allowed it to control this trans saharan trade. Songs of slavery along the trans saharan trade route. In fact, since 1999 most terrorist attacks have been perpetrated by selfproclaimed christians. Standard4b the student understands the origins and consequences of the transatlantic african slave trade.
World, a collection of documents from the period of the high middle ages to the. This trade was conducted between the north african traders and their counterparts in west africa. Pdf the transsaharan slave trade clues from interpolation. Social and economic impact of the transsaharan trade in. Cause and effect of the ancient trans saharan trade in west africa edice hua ancient african civilizations hist12521.
Ghana was located between two areas that wanted to trade north africa and west africa. Transsaharan trade routes by rebecca hamilton on prezi. Most of the historical controversy about earlier transsaharan trade centers around. Trans saharan trade route which consisted of many trails that connected the subsahara region of west africa to the mediterranean sea. The social and economic history of slavery in libya 1800 1950.
This trade led to the growth of the first great empire in west africa. In libya and algeria, from at least 7000 bc, there was pastoralism, the. The slave trade across the sahara the transsaharan. Trans saharan trade was the transit of goods between sub saharan africa and the northern arab and european worlds. The desert is a geographical barrier which requires complex organisation to cross those who crossed it laid the foundations of some of the most important states in west african. At the same time, the tuaregs changed their role from. This provided the opportunity for the trade of goods, such as gold, and ideas, including religion. The slave trade across the sahara the trans saharan slave trade.
Overall, the volume of these three waves comprised half of that involved. Nov 11, 2014 social and economic impact of the trans saharan trade in africa north and south of the sahara. Their wealth was built on trade in products got from tropical africa across the sahara. A historical geography of the trans saharan trade a thirst for knowledge. The trans saharan traders were faced with various challenges. Some of the places where people gathered to trade grew into towns. Saharan trade and the empire of ghana in their book a glorious age in africa, authors daniel chu and elliot skinner state that the lifeblood of the empire was trade. Explain the importance of gold and salt in trans saharan trade. Money was the cause of the early interest of arabic traders in west africa, which was. Because of the trading, the trans saharan cities could grow. Describe the role of the trans saharan caravan trade in the changing religious and cultural characteristics of west africa and the influence of islamic beliefs, ethics, and law.
Archeologists have found evidence that north africans brought hack gold from the southern forests as long ago as 400 to 500 b. The culture and kingdoms of west africa bringdajuice. People traded were not limited to a certain race, ethnicity, or religion. Morocco attacked the kingdom of songhai and weakened trans sahara trade. Trans saharan trade, conducted across the sahara desert, was a web of commercial interactions between the arab world north africa and the persian gulf and sub saharan. Transsaharan slave trade history of world civilization ii. The trade was also used to transport slaves and food to different places. Transsaharan trade was when people traveled across the sahara to reach sub saharan africa from the north african coast, europe, or the levant. Transsaharan trade requires travel across the sahara north and south to reach subsaharan africa from the north african coast, europe, to the levant. Pdf a strongly held misconception about the sahara, both in popular culture and in academia, is that this desert constitutes both an.
Students will begin the lesson by brainstorming the word slavery. Trans saharan trade requires travel across the sahara north and south to reach sub saharan africa from the north african coast, europe, to the levant. The impact of the transsaharan trade the transsaharan trade had several consequences. The transsaharan commodity trade presented by christopher rose hemispheres summer teachers institute 2003 june 9, 2003 why discuss the trans saharan trade as part of a workshop dealing with issues of food, cultural contact, and migration.
You will be redirected to the full text document in the repository in a few seconds, if not click here. Chances are you know someone with flashy gold jewelry, or maybe even a. A map showing trade routes 10th to 16th centuries is given in cuoq 1975 on page 11. The trade led to development of urbanisation for example towns such as gao, timbuktu and jenne. History what were the impacts of transsaharan trade. The trade was focused on the slave markets of the middle east, north africa and the horn of africa.
The economic organization of the transsaharan slave trade. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. On the wider theme of the shift from trans saharan to coastal trade in west africa, see anene, j. Transsaharan trade, conducted across the sahara desert, was a web of commercial interactions between the arab world north africa and the persian gulf and subsaharan africa. The largest and most studied of the slave trades is the trans atlantic trade slave trade, where beginning in the. When hollywood depicts the sahara desert, it usually just shows mounds and mounds of sand with no signs of life. This file contains additional information such as exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. Many kingdoms flourished because of these trade routes.
Why was it important to have portable able to be carried instruments on the trans saharan trade route. As the romans in particular and, later, the arabs, established trans saharan trade routes fenn et al. Creativity is strongly encouraged and explaining concepts in. Aug 12, 2016 lesson plans, videos, photos, images, letters, ect. Traders moved in caravans across the sahara to and from west africa and were provided with security by the tuaregs. Long and tiring journey in the desert, scarcity of resources and extreme weather condition. The historical legacies that drive contemporary trans saharan migrations illustrate that the potential for destabilisation is indeed an issue to be reckoned with. Each slide must contain text and visual information picture, cartoon, chart, graph, etc. Central sudan served as a kind of trading bridge between songhai in the west and darfur in the east. Trans saharan trade network across set of connections exchange of goods sahara desert 1. It should be noted that the trans saharan trade continued to be important into the 19 th and even the 20 th century, as the continuing trade and human traffic shows. The slave trade and the origins of mistrust in africa. Saharan trade was a twoway exchange between subsaharan regions and the north.